C1S
Alpha Lifetech can provide C1S corresponding products, help each customer's research and development.
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Introduction To C1S
Drug targets a biomolecule that can directly bind to drugs and then react. Generally, the target refers to a protein related to the cause of disease. The focus of the target began with focusing on tumors and then began to spread to various fields. Introduction to C1S is a common target in medicine.
C1s is a serine protease with a serum glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 79.8 kDa. It was synthesized as a single-stranded polypeptide consisting of 688 amino acids, including the leader sequence of 15 amino acids. Mainly mediates the proteolysis of the C1 complex. The classical pathway of activation of a mosaic protein complement consisting of multiple independently folded modules or domains is initiated by the first component of the complement system (C1). C1 is a multimolecular enzyme complex consisting of one C1 q molecule, two C1 r molecules, and two C1s molecules.
Function of Target C1S
The physiological role of C1s is to cleave the complement components C4 and C2, the components of the classical pathway C3 invertase complex. The C1S protein is a key enzyme in the complement classical pathway (also known as the C1 activation pathway). When the antigen combines with the antibody to form an antigen-antibody complex, the C1S protein is activated, which in turn triggers a series of complement cascade reactions. In the presence of Mg², activated C1S cleaves C4 and C2 to form C3 convertase (C4b2a), thus initiating a cascade of the complement system, ultimately leading to the release of inflammatory mediators and chemokines and enhancing the immune response. This process not only helps to eliminate the elimination of foreign pathogens but also promotes the recruitment and activation of immune cells, which play an important role in the body to resist infection. By activating the complement system, the C1S protein, releasing inflammatory mediators (such as histamine, serotonin, etc.) and chemokines (such as C5a), attract inflammatory cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, etc.) to accumulate at the site of inflammation, thus triggering the inflammatory response.
Gene Pathway of Target C1S
Activated C1s cleave insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5), and IGFBP-5 regulates the action of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) through tight binding. Cleavage of IGFBP-5 by C1s results in the release of IGF-I into the receptor, representing a link between inflammation and subsequent cellular repair processes. Human C1s have also been shown to cleave type I and type II collagen (48), as well as MHC class I antigens. When antibodies combine with an antigen to form an antigen-antibody complex, the classical pathway activates the complement system. The C1 q portion in the C1 complex can recognize and bind the antigen, and once C1q binds to the antigen-antibody complex, its configuration changes to activate the C1r that is noncovalently bound to it. Activated C1r subsequently cleaves specific peptide bonds in the C1s molecule, transforming it from an inactive state to a proteolytic active enzyme, thereby initiating the subsequent complement activation process.
Fig 1: C1S Gene Pathway. (Reference source: Nikitin PA, Rose EL, Byun TS, Parry GC, Panicker S. C1s Inhibition by BIVV009 (Sutimlimab) Prevents Complement-Enhanced Activation of Autoimmune Human B Cells In Vitro. J Immunol. 2019 Feb 15;202(4):1200-1209.)
Alpha Lifetech Can Provide
Currently, various immune drugs targeting C1S targets are in the updating iteration, and taking the disease alone or in combination with other products has become a new approach with remarkable achievements. The C1S targets have shown important research value and application prospects in both biology and drug research and development. With further research and detection technology advances, C1S target products are also essential in medical research. Alpha Lifetech can provide C1S corresponding products and help each customer's research and development. In addition, Alpha Lifetech also provides advanced expression systems and purification services to accelerate antibody research and development. Our synthesized antibody expression undergoes rigorous quality validation, including sequencing validation and functional expression analysis, to ensure high fidelity and performance. In addition, Alpha Lifetech provides customized solutions for recombinant proteins, such as codon optimization, promoter selection, and vector design, supplemented by downstream applications such as protein expression analysis to meet specific experimental needs.
| Catalog Number | Product Name | Product Sizes |
|---|---|---|
| ADT1611 | 1mg,5mg | |
Reference
[1] Ye J, Yang P, Yang Y, Xia S. Complement C1s as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target: Progress and perspective. Front Immunol. 2022 Oct 6;13:1015128.
[2] Gál P, Ambrus G, Závodszky P. C1s, the protease messenger of C1. Structure, function, and physiological significance. Immunobiology. 2002 Sep;205(4-5):383-94.
[3] Uchio-Yamada K, Tanaka M, Manabe N. C1r/C1s deficiency is insufficient to induce murine systemic lupus erythematosus. Genes Immun. 2019 Feb;20(2):121-130.
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2018-07-16
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