CD52 can utilize the molecular signaling mechanism of TCR to promote intracellular signaling pathways during T-cell activation. The soluble CD 52 molecule directly binds inhibitory sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 10 (Siglec 10) and also mediates immunomodulation. Further studies showed that CD 52 signaling in T cells is dependent on CD 45 and TCR expression, however, CD52 ligation failed to induce PLC γ 1 activation and calcium signaling in Jurkat T cells, which is opposite to TCR ligation. Thus, CD 52 plays a complex role in T cell activation through multiple pathways. CD 52 can function as a costimulatory molecule to activate both effector cells and regulatory T cells. On the other hand, CD 52 acts as a ligand for Siglec-10 to inhibit T cell activation. Meanwhile, soluble CD52 (sCD 52) is a prognostic impact of the CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) marker.

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