Menene Injiniyan Antibody?

Tare da taimakon injiniyan rigakafi, an sami damar canza girman kwayoyin halitta, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, dating feminity, specificity da kuma aikin tasirin antibodies. Bayan haɗa ƙwayoyin rigakafi, takamaiman ɗaure ƙwayoyin rigakafi yana sa su zama masu matuƙar muhimmanci a ganewar asali da magani. Ta hanyar injiniyan rigakafi, suna iya biyan buƙatun magunguna da ci gaban bincike da wuri.

Manufar injiniyan rigakafi ita ce tsara da kuma samar da ayyuka na musamman, masu dorewa waɗanda ƙwayoyin rigakafi na halitta ba za su iya cimmawa ba, ta hanyar shimfida harsashin samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi na warkewa.

Alpha Lifetech, tare da ƙwarewar aikinta mai zurfi a fannin injiniyan rigakafi, na iya samar da ayyukan rigakafi na monoclonal da polyclonal na musamman ga nau'ikan halittu daban-daban, da kuma gina ɗakunan karatu na rigakafi na phage da ayyukan tantancewa. Alpha Lifetech na iya samar wa abokan ciniki ingantattun ƙwayoyin rigakafi na biosimilar da samfuran furotin masu sake haɗawa, da kuma ayyuka masu dacewa, don samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi masu inganci, na musamman, da kwanciyar hankali. Ta hanyar amfani da cikakkun tsarin rigakafi, dandamalin furotin da tsarin nunin phage, muna samar da ayyuka da suka shafi samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi na sama da ƙasa, gami da ayyukan fasaha kamar haɓaka ƙwayoyin rigakafi, tsarkake ƙwayoyin rigakafi, jerin ƙwayoyin rigakafi, da tabbatar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi.

Matakin farko na injiniyan rigakafi yana da alaƙa da fasaha guda biyu:

--Fasahar DNA ta sake haɗawa

--Fasahar Hybridoma

Saurin ci gaban injiniyan rigakafi yana da alaƙa da manyan fasahohi guda uku:

--Fasahar cloning ta Gene da kuma polymerase chain reaction

--Fadakar furotin: Ana samar da sunadaran sake haɗawa ta hanyar tsarin bayyana abubuwa kamar yisti, ƙwayoyin cuta masu siffar sanda, da tsire-tsire

-- Tsarin gini da aka taimaka wa kwamfuta

An yi amfani da ƙarni na farko na ƙwayoyin rigakafi don samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi na chimeric, inda yankin da ke canzawa na ƙwayoyin rigakafi na monoclonal na linzamin kwamfuta ya haɗu da yankin da ke ci gaba da kasancewa na ƙwayoyin halittar IgG na ɗan adam. An dasa yankin ɗaure antigen (CDR) na ƙwayoyin rigakafi na monoclonal na linzamin kwamfuta na ƙarni na biyu zuwa cikin IgG na ɗan adam. Banda yankin CDR, duk sauran ƙwayoyin rigakafi kusan ƙwayoyin rigakafi ne na ɗan adam, kuma an yi ƙoƙari don guje wa haifar da martanin ƙwayoyin rigakafi na ɗan adam (HAMA) lokacin amfani da ƙwayoyin rigakafi na linzamin kwamfuta don maganin ɗan adam.

 

Don gina ɗakin karatu na nuni na phage, mataki na farko shine a sami kwayoyin halittar da ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin rigakafi, waɗanda za a iya ware su daga ƙwayoyin B na dabbobin da aka yi musu rigakafi (gina ɗakin karatu na rigakafi), waɗanda aka cire kai tsaye daga dabbobin da ba a yi musu rigakafi ba (gina ɗakin karatu na halitta), ko ma a haɗa su a cikin vitro tare da gutsuttsuran kwayoyin halittar antibody (gina ɗakin karatu na roba). Sannan, ana ƙara kwayoyin halittar ta hanyar PCR, a saka su cikin plasmids, kuma a bayyana su a cikin tsarin mai masaukin baki mai dacewa (bayyanar yisti (yawanci Picchia pastoris), bayyanar prokaryotic (yawanci E. coli), bayyanar ƙwayoyin dabbobi masu shayarwa, bayyanar ƙwayoyin shuka, da bayyanar ƙwayoyin kwari waɗanda suka kamu da ƙwayoyin cuta masu siffar sanda). Mafi yawan lokuta shine tsarin bayyanar E. coli, wanda ke haɗa takamaiman jerin ƙwayoyin rigakafi a kan phage kuma yana ɓoye ɗaya daga cikin furotin na harsashin phage (pIII ko pVIII). Haɗakar kwayoyin halitta, Kuma ana nuna su a saman ƙwayoyin cuta. Babban abin da ke cikin wannan fasaha shine gina ɗakin karatu na nuni na phage, wanda ke da fa'ida fiye da ɗakunan karatu na halitta saboda yana iya samun takamaiman ɗaurewa. Daga baya, ana tantance ƙwayoyin rigakafi masu takamaiman antigen ta hanyar tsarin zaɓin halittu, ana gyara ƙwayoyin rigakafi masu manufa, ana wanke ƙwayoyin rigakafi marasa ɗaure akai-akai, sannan a wanke ƙwayoyin rigakafi masu ɗaure don ƙarin wadata. Bayan maimaitawa sau uku ko fiye, ana ware ƙwayoyin rigakafi masu ƙarfi da kuma manyan ƙwayoyin rigakafi.

Hoto na 3: Gina Laburare da Dubawa na Antibody

Ana iya amfani da fasahar DNA mai sake haɗawa don samar da gutsuttsuran ƙwayoyin cuta. Da farko ana iya samar da ƙwayoyin cuta na Fab ne kawai ta hanyar hydrolyzes ta hanyar gastrointestinal protease don samar da gutsuttsuran (Fab '), waɗanda papain ke narkar da su don samar da gutsuttsuran Fab guda biyu. Gutsuttsuran Fv ya ƙunshi VH da VL, waɗanda ba su da kwanciyar hankali saboda rashin haɗin disulfide. Saboda haka, ana haɗa VH da VL tare ta hanyar ɗan gajeren peptide na amino acid 15-20 don samar da ƙwayar cuta mai canzawa guda ɗaya (scFv) tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta na kusan 25KDa.

Binciken tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin Camelidae (Camel, LIama, da Alpaca) ya bayyana cewa ƙwayoyin cuta suna da sarƙoƙi masu nauyi kawai kuma babu sarƙoƙi masu sauƙi, don haka ana kiran su da ƙwayoyin cuta masu nauyi (hcAb). Ana kiran yankin da ke da ƙwayoyin cuta masu nauyi na ƙwayoyin cuta masu nauyi da sunaye ɗaya ko nanobodies ko VHH, tare da girman 12-15 kDa. A matsayin monomers, ba su da haɗin disulfide kuma suna da ƙarfi sosai, tare da babban kusanci ga antigens.

Hoto na 5: Maganin rigakafi mai nauyi da kuma VHH/Nanobody

Tsarin bayyanar ƙwayoyin halitta yana amfani da bayyanar DNA na halitta ko na roba don cimma haɗin furotin a cikin vitro, yawanci ta amfani da tsarin bayyanar E. coli. Yana samar da furotin da sauri kuma yana guje wa nauyin metabolism da cytotoxic akan ƙwayoyin halitta lokacin samar da adadi mai yawa na furotin masu sake haɗawa a cikin jiki. Hakanan yana iya samar da furotin waɗanda ke da wahalar haɗawa, kamar waɗanda ke da wahalar gyarawa bayan fassara ko haɗa furotin membrane.