Menene Injiniya Antibody?

Tare da taimakon aikin injiniya na antibody, ya kasance mai yiwuwa a canza girman kwayoyin halitta, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, haɗin kai, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun da tasirin tasirin kwayoyin. Bayan haɗa ƙwayoyin rigakafi, takamaiman ɗaurin ƙwayoyin rigakafi yana sa su da mahimmanci a cikin ganewar asibiti da magani. Ta hanyar aikin injiniya na antibody, za su iya biyan buƙatun magunguna da ci gaban bincike da wuri.

Manufar injiniyan rigakafin jiki shine ƙira da samar da takamaiman takamaiman ayyuka, barga waɗanda ƙwayoyin rigakafi na halitta ba za su iya cimmawa ba, suna aza harsashin samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi.

Alfa Lifetach, tare da babban aikin Injiniya a cikin enidenalan Injiniya, na iya samar da sabis na musamman da kuma wasu 'yan kwastomomi na musamman don yin labaran gine-gine da kuma ayyukan allo. Alpha Lifetech na iya ba abokan ciniki ingantattun ƙwayoyin rigakafi na biosimilar da samfuran furotin na sake haɗawa, da kuma sabis masu dacewa, don samar da ingantattun ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙwayoyin cuta, da tsayayye. Ta hanyar amfani da cikakken tsarin rigakafi, dandamali na furotin da tsarin nunin phage, muna ba da sabis wanda ke rufe sama da ƙasa na samar da rigakafin, gami da sabis na fasaha kamar antibody humanization, antibody tsarkakewa, antibody sequencing, da antibody ingantattun.

Matakin farko na injiniyan antibody yana da alaƙa da fasaha guda biyu:

--Fasahar DNA na sake haɗawa

--Hybridoma fasaha

Saurin haɓaka aikin injiniya na antibody yana da alaƙa da fasaha masu mahimmanci guda uku:

--Gene cloning fasahar da polymerase sarkar dauki

--Protein magana: Ana samar da sunadaran da aka sake haɗawa ta hanyar tsarin magana kamar yisti, ƙwayoyin cuta masu siffar sanda, da tsire-tsire.

--Taimakon ƙirar ƙirar kwamfuta

An tsara ƙarni na farko na ƙwayoyin rigakafi don samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi na chimeric, inda aka danganta yanki mai canzawa na ƙwayoyin rigakafi na monoclonal na linzamin kwamfuta zuwa yanki na ƙwayoyin IgG na ɗan adam. Yankin antigen daure (CDR) na ƙarni na biyu na rigakafin linzamin kwamfuta na monoclonal an dasa shi cikin IgG na ɗan adam. Ban da yankin CDR, duk sauran ƙwayoyin rigakafi kusan ƙwayoyin rigakafi ne na ɗan adam, kuma an yi ƙoƙari don guje wa haifar da martanin antigen linzamin kwamfuta (HAMA) yayin amfani da ƙwayoyin rigakafi na linzamin kwamfuta don maganin ɗan adam.

 

Don gina ɗakin karatu na nunin phage, mataki na farko shine a sami kwayoyin halittar da ke ɓoye ƙwayoyin rigakafi, waɗanda za a iya ware su daga ƙwayoyin B na dabbobi masu rigakafi (ginin ɗakin karatu na rigakafi), waɗanda aka ciro kai tsaye daga dabbobin da ba a yi rigakafi ba (ginin ɗakin karatu na halitta), ko ma a haɗa su cikin vitro tare da gutsuttsuran kwayoyin halittar antibody (ginin ɗakin karatu na synthetic). Sa'an nan kuma, ana haɓaka kwayoyin halitta ta PCR, an saka su a cikin plasmids, kuma an bayyana su a cikin tsarin masaukin da suka dace (mafi yawan yisti (yawanci Pichia pastoris), prokaryotic prokaryotic (yawanci E. coli), mammalian cell magana, bayyanar kwayoyin shuka, da kwayoyin kwari masu kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta masu siffar sanda). Mafi na kowa shine tsarin magana na E. coli, wanda ke haɗa takamaiman tsarin rigakafin jikin mutum akan phage kuma yana ɓoye ɗaya daga cikin sunadaran harsashi na phage (pIII ko pVIII). Halin halittar halittar, Kuma aka nuna akan saman bacteriophages. Jigon wannan fasaha shine gina ɗakin karatu na nunin phage, wanda ke da fa'ida akan ɗakunan karatu na halitta ta yadda zai iya samun takamaiman ɗaure. Bayan haka, ana bincika ƙwayoyin rigakafi tare da ƙayyadaddun antigen ta hanyar tsarin zaɓin nazarin halittu, an gyara antigens masu niyya, ana wanke phages waɗanda ba a ɗaure su akai-akai, kuma ana wanke phages ɗin da aka daure don ƙarin haɓakawa. Bayan zagaye uku ko fiye na maimaitawa, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙwayoyin cuta suna keɓe.

Hoto na 3: Gina Laburaren Antibody da Nunawa

Ana iya amfani da fasahar DNA na sake haɗawa don samar da gutsuttsuran antibody. Fab antibodies da farko za a iya sanya ruwa ta hanyar protease na ciki don samar da (Fab') guda 2, wanda papain ke narkar da su don samar da guntun Fab guda ɗaya. Rukunin Fv ya ƙunshi VH da VL, waɗanda ke da ƙarancin kwanciyar hankali saboda rashin haɗin haɗin disulfide. Saboda haka, VH da VL suna haɗe tare ta hanyar ɗan gajeren peptide na amino acid 15-20 don samar da juzu'in juzu'in sarkar sarkar guda ɗaya (scFv) tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta kusan 25KDa.

Nazarin tsarin rigakafi a cikin Camelidae (Rakumi, LIama, da Alpaca) ya bayyana cewa ƙwayoyin rigakafi kawai suna da sarƙoƙi masu nauyi kuma ba su da sarƙoƙi mai haske, don haka ana kiran su ƙwayoyin rigakafi masu nauyi (hcAb). Ana kiran yanki mai canzawa na ƙwayoyin garkuwar sarkar nauyi ana kiransa antibodies yanki ɗaya ko nanobodies ko VHH, tare da girman 12-15 kDa. A matsayinsu na monomers, ba su da alaƙar disulfide kuma suna da ƙarfi sosai, tare da babban kusanci ga antigens.

Hoto na 5: Babban Sarkar Antibody da VHH/ Nanobody

Maganar kyauta ta salula tana amfani da bayanin DNA na halitta ko na roba don cimma haɗin furotin a cikin vitro, yawanci ta amfani da tsarin magana na E. coli. Yana samar da sunadaran da sauri kuma yana guje wa nauyin rayuwa da cytotoxic akan sel lokacin samar da adadi mai yawa na sunadaran recombinant a cikin vivo. Hakanan yana iya samar da sunadaran da ke da wahalar haɗawa, kamar waɗanda ke da wahalar canzawa bayan fassarar ko haɗa sunadaran membrane.